Polymer crystallization

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The classical view of polymer crystallization emphasized a few observable parameters, such as lamellar thickness and growth rates. However, this perspective is overly simplistic and fails to capture the complex non-equilibrium processes that influence structure formation across various scales, from nanometers to millimeters. Recent experimental findings have reignited interest in polymer crystallization, particularly regarding the early stages of the process, crystal formation in confined geometries like ultra-thin films, and the interplay between (micro)phase separation and crystallization in copolymers and blends. Advanced techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, have provided deeper insights into the molecular organization of crystallizable polymers. Additionally, computer simulations of microscopic processes have enhanced our understanding of polymer crystal nucleation and growth. New concepts have emerged regarding multistage pathways in the formation of polymer lamellae, and the significance of the non-equilibrium nature of polymer crystals has gained increased attention. Connections to broader growth phenomena and pattern formation are being explored, though these ideas continue to be the subject of intensive and often controversial discussions.