Life in the universe

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Energy, chemistry, solvents, and habitats are fundamental elements that define the possibilities for life on other worlds. This text delves deeply into these parameters, arguing that recognizable life forms may be more prevalent in our solar system than previously thought. It also explores exotic life forms that might not depend on carbon, solar energy, or water. The discussion includes methods for detecting bio- and geosignatures of such life, from Earth to deep space. While speculative aspects are inherent in this emerging field, the authors present their findings with the rigor that scientific inquiry demands. They aim to define life operationally and explore the diverse possibilities that nature offers, striving to make this interdisciplinary subject accessible to a wide audience. The second edition updates the text significantly, reflecting rapid advancements in the field and incorporating new material on adaptation to extreme environments, the future of living systems, life detection concepts from the Viking missions, and insights related to the meteorite ALH 84001. It also provides recommendations for optimizing future space exploration missions. The first edition received praise for its comprehensive reassessment of astrobiology fundamentals, highlighting its importance for professional astrobiologists.