This new, thoroughly revised edition examines world history from the emergence of the earliest humans about two million years ago all the way to the end of the Middle Ages. Following a generally chronological approach, the encyclopedia provides in-depth coverage of cultures, people, and events. - Publisher.
This new, thoroughly revised edition examines world history from the emergence of the earliest humans about two million years ago all the way to the end of the Middle Ages. Following a generally chronological approach, the encyclopedia provides in-depth coverage of cultures, people, and events. - Publisher.
Focusing on stochastic dynamical systems theory, this book synthesizes contemporary understanding of climate variability. It serves as a comprehensive resource aimed at graduate students and researchers, offering insights into the complex interactions and patterns within climate systems. The text emphasizes the theoretical foundations while providing practical applications, making it an essential guide for those studying or working in climate science.
A Dynamical Systems Approach to the Large Scale Ocean Circulation and El Niño
The book applies dynamical systems theory to explore global ocean circulation, focusing on the Gulf Stream, thermohaline circulation stability, and El Niño/Southern Oscillation. It presents numerical methods for bifurcation analysis in large-scale ocean models, offering a systematic approach to climate variability through a hierarchical model analysis. The text includes mechanistic descriptions and connections to advanced models and observations. Designed for graduate students and researchers in meteorology and oceanography, it balances introductory and advanced content, with self-contained chapters and detailed derivations.
This textbook offers a mathematical introduction to large-scale ocean circulation theory, suitable for readers with basic knowledge of mathematics and physics, including continuum mechanics and ordinary differential equations. It is divided into four parts. Part I (chapters 1-4) provides a brief overview of ocean circulation and the mathematical formulation of governing equations, introducing essential concepts for understanding large-scale ocean currents. Part II (chapters 5-10) delves into the theory of mid-latitude wind-driven ocean circulation, employing a top-down model development approach and deriving reduced equations through asymptotics and scaling. Part III (chapters 11-12) explores equatorial currents and El Niño phenomena. Finally, Part IV (chapters 13-16) addresses planetary scale flows, discussing topics like the thermocline problem, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the stability of thermohaline circulation, and Arctic Ocean circulation. Each chapter concludes with exercises designed to enhance methodological skills and familiarize readers with physical concepts, with new material introduced in only a few exercises. Fully worked answers to all exercises are available for download from the book's website.