Igor P. Lipovsky Livres

The present study offers a thorough account of the activities of the radical left in Turkey between 1960-1980 and shows how these formed a major contributing factor to the political instability of the country and the military coups that took place in March 1971 and September 1980.The military coup of May 1960 liberalized political life in Turkey, and a legal leftist movement arose, combining in its ranks social-democratic, trade-unionist and Marxist elements. Many of these were united in the framework of the Turkish Labour Party. The ideological and political struggle within the leftist movement led to a split in the Labour Party and to the formation in the 1970s of several legal socialist parties, each of which adopted its own model of "Soviet," "Chinese," "Turkish," "Scandinavian," "North Korean." The 1980 military coup terminated the legal activity of the marxist parties. Some merged with the Communist Party, which operated illegally, others sought ways of legalizing their activity in the new political conditions of Turkey.

The book explores the discrepancies between biblical narratives and archaeological findings regarding the origins of the Israelites and Judahites. It reveals that these two groups had distinct ancestors and timelines for their Exodus from Egypt, leading to independent conquests of Canaan. The author argues that biblical writers conflated their histories to forge a unified genealogy, obscuring the unique pasts of these West Semitic peoples. This examination raises questions about the reliability of the Holy Scriptures and the complexities of biblical interpretation.

Exploring the discrepancies between biblical narratives and archaeological discoveries, this book delves into the distinct origins of the Northern Hebrew tribes and Southern Judahites. It reveals that these groups had separate ancestral lines and timelines for their Exodus from Egypt, leading to independent conquests in Canaan. The investigation raises critical questions about the reliability of the Holy Scriptures and the factors contributing to contradictions in the Old Testament, inviting readers to reconsider the historical context of these ancient texts.

The book explores the pivotal period from the 1st century B.C.E. to the 1st century C.E. in Judea, highlighting the emergence of the Judeans as a significant cultural force. It details how the Roman conquest transformed Judea into a province while simultaneously showcasing its unique monotheistic beliefs amidst a pagan empire. The narrative traces the evolution of the Jewish Messiah movement, illustrating how it transitioned from the Judaism of Jesus to the Christianity of Paul, ultimately reshaping the spiritual landscape of Western civilization.