At the core of historical interpretations of the French Revolution lies the enigma of the Terror. This revolution, rooted in liberty, equality, and human rights, paradoxically led to the violent repression of its opponents. The guillotine, initially intended as a humane execution method, transformed into a powerful tool of political repression, shaping not only perceptions of the Revolution but also France's global image. This book delves into the complexities of the Terror, revealing that the popular notion of a 'system of terror' was retrospectively crafted by revolutionaries who sought to absolve themselves after Robespierre's downfall. Rather than a systematic approach, what we label as 'the Terror' emerged as an improvised response to the pressing challenges faced by a revolutionary government amid political and military crises. It functioned as a government of 'exception'—a crisis regime. The work compiles extensive factual information alongside contemporary insights into the ideological, emotional, and tactical aspects of revolutionary politics, illuminating how the Terror has tarnished the legacy of the French Revolution. This analysis is essential for students and scholars of the period and for those interested in the dynamics of political conflict and its potential for violence.
