Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

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Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent. Patients with LUTS present with storage symptoms and voiding symptoms attributable to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) or detrusor hypocontractility. In the long-term LUTS suggestive of BPO may progress, resulting in serious complications which may lead to hospitalisation, catheterisation and/or surgery. Over the years, new medical treatments were developed to relieve LUTS suggestive of BPO and the development of these new therapies as well as the research into their mechanisms of action has contributed to an evolution in our understanding of the pathogenesis of LUTS/BPO. It is increasingly realised that besides obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate or alpha-1-AR mediated prostatic smooth muscle contraction, other factors may contribute to the development of LUTS/BPO. Along with the changes in theories on the pathogenesis of LUTS/BPO the management goals have also changed: patient satisfaction and the prevention of serious complications should now be among the major targets.