The warlords

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Hindenburg and Ludendorff emerged as two of the most formidable generals during the First World War, achieving remarkable victories such as the annihilation of a Russian army at Tannenberg in 1914. Their strategic prowess on the Eastern Front led to repeated successes, and after Falkenhayn's resignation as Chief of the Great General Staff in 1916—partly due to their intrigues—Hindenburg naturally ascended to the position. Their influence permeated every facet of German life, extending beyond the military to the economy, industry, transportation, and food production and distribution. They wielded such power that they forced the resignation of three Chancellors and several ministers, effectively controlling foreign policy and state affairs, making it nearly impossible for anyone significant to hold office without their endorsement. By the war's end, Germany had devolved into a military dictatorship. In this concise yet comprehensive history, John Lee illustrates how Hindenburg and Ludendorff's rise to power led to severe consequences, including widespread starvation, riots, and industrial strikes. Their adherence to Prussian values not only contributed to Germany's downfall but also set the stage for an even more catastrophic conflict two decades later.