MicroRNA Expression Detection Methods

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding regulatory mRNAs of 18-25 nucleotides, have become crucial in gene expression regulation, with significant implications in various biological and pathological processes. They are now recognized as novel biomarkers for numerous human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic issues, with specific expression profiles linked to particular conditions. Consequently, miRNA expression profiling has gained importance for both researchers and clinicians. However, traditional methodologies for detecting protein-coding mRNAs cannot be applied to miRNAs due to their smaller size. In recent years, researchers have developed over 30 innovative techniques for miRNA detection and quantification. It is now essential to summarize these methods systematically to enhance understanding and application in miRNA research. Notably, advancements in quantifying circulating miRNAs present exciting opportunities for their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. A comprehensive resource on this topic could inspire researchers to refine existing techniques and create new methods tailored to emerging applications. This motivation has led to the decision to compile a focused work on miRNA expression detection methods.