Histo-pathologic alterations of lung tissue caused by hypoxia in neonates deceased due to dystocia

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This study aimed to depict lung alterations in neonates that died from dystocia, focusing on histological differences among species, particularly bovine neonates. The lungs of 37 calves, 10 foals, and 16 puppies were examined using tissue samples from consistent locations, processed with H&E and PAS stains. Key findings include: all examined neonates exhibited at least mild signs of fetal dystelectasis, with calves showing significantly more severe effects in the caudal lung lobes compared to cranial lobes (p = 0.008). Keratin and cell debris were present in all neonates, but foals had significantly less cell debris in the right cranial lung lobe (p = 0.05). Hyaline membranes were observed in all groups (35 calves, 5 foals, 11 puppies), with the left cranial lung lobes of calves being significantly less affected (p = 0.04). An analysis of neutrophils revealed a relationship between their presence and meconium (p = 0.04) and cell debris (p = 0.05) in bronchioles, while in alveoli, a dependency was noted between neutrophils and keratin (p = 0.04). Overall, the findings indicate that lung alterations are significant in deceased neonates, suggesting that NSAID treatment may be beneficial for those affected by dystocia.