Unexpected Expectations

Exploring mathematical paradoxes, this work delves into the complexities of mathematical expectation and its surprising contradictions. It encourages readers to rethink the validity of these applications, requiring only basic algebra. Key topics include risk and aversion in decision-making, envelope problems, Parrondo's paradox, issues of imperfect recall, non-zero-sum games, Newcomb's paradox, and the application of Benford's law in computer design and fraud detection.