Beneficial effects of probiotics, prebiotics, nutraceuticals and antioxidants on human health

Chronic diseases are increasingly linked to modern lifestyles and immune dysfunction, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates despite medical advancements. There is a growing interest in bioecological and nutritional strategies for disease management, emphasizing the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and nutraceuticals like antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids. These compounds are emerging as potential treatments, particularly for critically ill patients, although their full effects on health outcomes remain largely unexplored.