Animal cytogenetics

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The contribution of Orthopteran material to our understanding of chromosome and cytogenetics has been significant. Since the early 20th Century, following the rediscovery of Mendel's work, the large size and low numbers of chromosomes in many species have made Orthoptera a favored subject for investigation. In 1951, White reviewed the crucial contributions of Orthoptera, highlighting work from McClung in 1905 to contemporary studies. Many of these issues persist today, albeit transformed by recent biological revolutions that have deepened our understanding of chromosomes and established DNA as the genetic material. Current research focuses on chromosome structure, replication, transcription, movement, pairing, chiasma formation, and mutation. While Orthoptera can contribute to these discussions, these topics require broader evidence from various organisms. Additionally, Orthoptera do not significantly differ from other groups regarding these general features. Therefore, this work will focus on aspects where Orthopteran material is particularly relevant, specifically within the context of chromosomal variation and evolution in the Orthoptera.