Alcohol, tobacco and cancer

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Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are major cancer risk factors, with their simultaneous use further elevating the risk for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract due to various metabolic and genetic interactions. The first part of this book explores the links between alcohol and carcinogenicity, focusing on specific organs such as the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colon, pancreas, and breast. It discusses how alcohol impairs methionine-folate metabolism and DNA methylation, and examines the potential of s-adenosylmethionine in cancer prevention. Additionally, it addresses the synergistic effects of reactive oxygen species and iron in liver cancer development. The second part focuses on tobacco's role in lung and digestive tract cancers, emphasizing prevention strategies and the impact of phytochemicals. It details the mutagenic, mitogenic, precarcinogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunosuppressive effects of nicotine in cancer development, along with the potential of a nicotine vaccine to reduce tobacco-related mortality. By highlighting mechanisms that lead to cancer and providing insights into how alcohol and tobacco promote carcinogenesis, this book serves as a valuable resource for those interested in the subject.